ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that gives the writer/speaker an opporunity to deliver his/her thought, point of view, or arguments in order to persuade the listeners or readers that something is the case.
To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why/how something is the case. This type of text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc.
A.Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition
1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows the speaker/writer’s position; (Outlines of the arguments are presented.), it begins with I personally think, In my opinion, I believe
2. Arguments : It consists of Point and Elaboration (berisi tentang alasan-alasan untuk medukung Thesis yang dikemukakan. Diawali dengan kata, atau f rase First, Second, Furthermore, In addition, The last,)
Point, states the main argument
Elaboration, develops and supports each point of argument
3. Conclusion : concludes the whole exposition. It also restates the writer’s main topic stated in the previous thesis. This part is extremely important because it is aimed at emphasizing (menekankan) the writer’s opinion toward the issue. (diawali dengan kata2 In my conclusion, Based on the arguments above, dll)
B. Generic Features of Analytical Exposition
1. An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants.
2. It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks/feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
3. It uses Emotive language adds strong description to the facts and so help to create an extremely subjective tone of the text. It plays a role in persuading the readers toward the writer’s opinion e.g. Most adult Indonesian …,
4. It uses Evaluative language is another way to persuade people agree with the writer’s opinion e.g. This is the worst, It’s true, It’s important, It’s clear, I believe, It is obvious that etc.
5. It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. .has polluted… etc.
6. It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
7. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.
8. Emotive words (e.g. worried, alarmed etc)
Words that qualify statements (e.g. usual, Probably etc)
Words that link arguments (e.g. firstly, However, therefore etc)
Samples:
Corruption and Indonesian Culture
Thesis: Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons
Argument 1:
Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere
Argument 2:
The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions become our culture. Do you like it?
Argument 3:
The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the world.
Reiteration/ conclusion:
We can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?
Smoking in restaurants
Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food and not to be put off by foul smelling smoke.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a smoker can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease and people should not smoke anywhere, not just in restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a health risk to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.
CLAUSE:
A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb.
A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb relationship, such as "in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment."
Clause is categorized into independent and dependent clauses. This simply means that some clauses can stand by themselves (independent), as separate sentences, and some can't (dependent).
Dependent clause = subordinate clause: this means that the clause is subordinate to another element (the independent clause) and depends on that other element for its meaning.
An independent clause, "She is older than her brother" (which could be its own sentence), can be turned into a dependent or subordinate clause when the same group of words begins with a dependent word (or a subordinating conjunction in this case): "Because she is older than her brother, she tells him what to do."
Independent -> dependent: She is older than her brother -> Because she is older than her brother,
#ciri DEPENDENT = ditempeli conjunction
SENTENCE:
Simple: satu ide, S+V
Compound: 2/ more independent clause -> independent +and, but, or+ independent
Complex: 2/ more clauses -> independent + dependent, digabungnya pakai conjunction berikut:
Common Subordinating Conjunctions | ||
| after | if | though who, which, etc |
See LOOK AHEAD page 102 (if I’m not mistaken) and do the exercise on the next page!!
Untuk menggabungkan 2 klausa,
· Analisa dulu kira2 hubungan keduanya bagaimana?
· Untuk hubungan waktu (AFTER, BEFORE), lihat masing2 klausa… identify mana yang terjadi lebih dulu..
· Polanya bisa:
1. Conjunction + clause 1+ comma (,)+ clause 2
2. Clause 1+ conjunction+ clause 2
PASSIVE:
BE+V3
# yang bisa dipasifkan= yang punya OBJECT
Helps -> is helped
Help -> are/ am helped
Helped -> was/were helped
Will help -> will be helped
Is/am/are going to help -> is/am/are being helped
Have helped -> have been helped
Has helped -> has been helped
Had helped -> had been helped
Setelah diubah, untuk check terakhir, lihat kesesuaian SUBJECT DAN VERB nya…
Tunggal : is, was, has, does , etc; Jamak …
Ingat juga pola kalimat tanya
(-) She doesn’t call you -> does+call = calls
(+) she calls (not) you
Passiv : you are called (not) by her. Jadinya, you are not called by her.
-GOOD LUCK-
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